下圖是典型的UDP客戶端/伺服器通訊過程(該圖出自[UNPv13e])。
以下是簡單的UDP伺服器和客戶端程序。
/* server.c */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include "wrap.h" #define MAXLINE 80 #define SERV_PORT 8000 int main(void) { struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr; socklen_t cliaddr_len; int sockfd; char buf[MAXLINE]; char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; int i, n; sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)); servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT); Bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)); printf("Accepting connections ...\n"); while (1) { cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr); n = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &cliaddr_len); if (n == -1) perr_exit("recvfrom error"); printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n", inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)), ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port)); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]); n = sendto(sockfd, buf, n, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, sizeof(cliaddr)); if (n == -1) perr_exit("sendto error"); } }
/* client.c */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include "wrap.h" #define MAXLINE 80 #define SERV_PORT 8000 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct sockaddr_in servaddr; int sockfd, n; char buf[MAXLINE]; char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; socklen_t servaddr_len; sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)); servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr); servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT); while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) { n = sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)); if (n == -1) perr_exit("sendto error"); n = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE, 0, NULL, 0); if (n == -1) perr_exit("recvfrom error"); Write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n); } Close(sockfd); return 0; }
由於UDP不需要維護連接,程序邏輯簡單了很多,但是UDP協議是不可靠的,實際上有很多保證通訊可靠性的機制需要在應用層實現。
編譯運行server,在兩個終端裡各開一個client與server交互,看看server是否具有並發服務的能力。用Ctrl+C關閉server,然後再運行server,看此時client還能否和server聯繫上。和前面TCP程序的運行結果相比較,體會無連接的含義。